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Greedy Graph Coloring is a hard coding interview question covering graphs, greedy — the kind asked at FAANG (Facebook/Meta, Apple, Amazon, Netflix, Google) and AI-first companies like Anthropic, OpenAI, and Nvidia.
Implement the greedy graph coloring algorithm. Assign the minimum number of colors to vertices such that no two adjacent vertices share the same color.
Greedy: for each vertex (in degree-descending order for Welsh-Powell), assign the smallest color not used by any neighbor.
Return the coloring assignment (vertex -> color) and the chromatic number used.
Applications: compiler register allocation, exam scheduling, frequency assignment in wireless networks.
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